stay constant, results in an increase in m g h, stay constant, results in a decrease in m g h, The surface onto which the ball is dropped will affect the height to which the ball bounces because for any two objects that collide, the properties of both determine the percentage of the kinetic energy either possesses approaching the collision that is conserved subsequent to the collision taking place (Coefficient to restitution) discounting the effects of air resistance. This can either be assumed and chosen, or it can be stated in a question.). Yes, as the ball receives a force from the ground due to collision, which causes the ball to bounce off the ground. Data Table 2: Average Bounce Height at Each Height: Graph 1: Height of Ball drop versus Height of ball bounce: Our data indicates that the hypothesis was incorrect. Hence, the only force acting on the ball is gravity. Because of these forces, both the ball and floor deform inward. Everything you need for your studies in one place. The weight and material of the ball will be kept the same throughout the experiment by using the same ball. Using the geometric sequence formula, the sum of the terms which are the heights of the ball after each bound: \(S_n = \frac{\alpha(1-r^n)}{1-r} = \frac{6m(1-0.38^5)}{1-0.38} = 9.6 m\). This will be repeated five times, possibly more (for accuracy), for each height and the top and bottom results will be discounted. You may now be able to understand or verify things that you discovered when gathering information for the project. Specially look for parts that discuss the gas pressure and physical properties of gases. As gravity remains the same the amount of work acting on the ball remains the same (apart from slightly more air resistance due to the ball travelling faster and so hitting more air particles per second, but the effect of this is negligible) and the ball travels further before stopping. The CoRs apply to balls dropped or thrown at a rigid wooden surface. 8. List three. If you have any questions or need more support about this project, click on the , If you are new in doing science project, click on . Use a uniform surface to drop the ball onto. These stages can also be represented graphically using three plots including a displacement, velocity, and acceleration vs time graph. The equipment necessary to generate these conditions was not available and as a result the results obtained were not one hundred percent accurate. In this experiment the only variable that we modify is the type or flexibility of bounce surface and we keep all other variables unchanged. will start at 2m and then move down in intervals of 10cm to 10cm. The force that is received by the ball from the ground from the collision causes it to rebound, which converts the potential energy to kinetic energy. As the height from which the ball was dropped from was increased, the GPE energy that the ball possessed before being dropped also increased. Find out about the physics of a dropped ball. This is why it h2will be from the bottom of the ball as it hits the floor to the bottom of the ball at the top of its arc after bouncing. When you think you know what variables may be involved, think about ways to change one at a time. A ball that is dropped in air however is subjected to air resistance which affects the height to which it bounces. What type of motion does a bouncing ball experience? Bouncing Ball Experiment Our simple experiment is to drop a ping pong ball weighed at 3 grams from a height of 1 metre then 90cm, 80cm, 70cm, These inaccuracies could have been caused by external factors or parallax error even though efforts were made to avoid parallax error occurring - by dropping the ball one time that was not measured and placing a blob of blue tack onto the meter rule at the approximate height it bounced to. Yes, as the ball is oscillating about the equilibrium position (in height) and goes back to its initial position after a period of time. A decrease in m, assuming g and h1stay constant, results in a decrease in m g h1which results A decrease in m, assuming g and h1stay constant, results in a decrease in m g h1which results in a decrease in GPE. The balls leave the floor at the same speed with the same amount of KE and so both balls reach the same height and end up with the same amount of GPE at the top of their bounces. From this it can be seen that using the average of the middle three results is more accurate than using the average of all five, as it automatically discounts most anomalies. http://wings.avkids.com/Curriculums/Tennis/index.html. WebA) If a tennis ball is frozen, it won't bounce as high as one that is not frozen. Does a ball bounce higher or lower in moon (Less Gravity), while all other conditions are constant? Also it will affect its bouncing properties. where g is the gravitational acceleration (9.8 m/ sec 2 at the Earths surface), and where h is the height of the object, measured with respect to any convenient zero- level. To set up the Several balls, medium-sized super balls, hollow rubber balls, solid rubber balls, tennis balls, golf balls, baseballs, and whatever other types of balls are available. It will be important to keep track of what times go between what bounces. When the ball was dropped from the higher heights the ball began to show signs of reaching its terminal velocity before it reaches the ground. This means it will be travelling the same speed when it hits the ground. This means for the ball to reach terminal velocity the drag force has to be bigger and for the drag force to be bigger the ball has to fall faster (so that more air particles hit the ball every second). Maybe you are reading a scale incorrectly, or maybe the measuring instrument is working erratically. Research questions pose a question about the If the coefficient to restitution = 0.7, a ball dropping from h, in a vacuum would reach the height of 0.7 h, As velocity increases air resistance increases in proportion to the square of the velocity. This will be called the average of the middle three repeats. CR can be found out by looking at a graph, the gradient, as a percentage of 1 gives the amount of energy conserved and therefore CRcan be found without knowing v22or v12. Measure the height the ball reaches after the first bounce and record. This denting extracts energy from the balls motion and stores much of it in the elastic surfaces of the floor and ball. List three. Why or why not? You may need to calculate the average of bounce height. An experiment has several types of variables, including a control variable (sometimes called a controlled variable). The first graph is a displacement vs time graph. Taking an average of several results creates a measurement in the middle of the variation created by the experiment, which is the result that is closest to the height that would be recorded for the balls bounce if it were measured in an experiment that was totally accurate. It therefore hits more air particles each second and so the force of drag is bigger the faster the ball goes. If the coefficient to restitution = 0.7, a ball dropping from h1in a vacuum would reach the height of 0.7 h1 after bouncing. You will be able to precisely measure the time intervals between bounces. While a value of 1 indicates a perfectly elastic collision, a value of 0 indicates a perfectly inelastic collision. Hence the formula for the sum of the infinite number of terms can be rewritten as seen here. I do not believe that any ball will reach terminal velocity in this experiment seeing as the maximum height that they can be dropped from is 2m and, as the ball is quite smooth, I do not believe that it will have enough time to accelerate to its terminal velocity before it hits the floor. WebControlled Variables: -Golf ball -PVC piping -Angle of Ramp Our controlled variable was Manipulated Variable: -Release point -Distance ball bounces Our manipulated variables was: Dependent Variable: The distance in centimeters from bounce 1 to bounce 2. The more energy that the ball possessed before being dropped, the more energy was converted into KE while the ball fell. For an infinite number of turns, another geometric sequence formula can be used. A ball falls from 8 metres and rebounds to 52 percent of its previous height. These inaccuracies could have been caused by external factors or parallax error even though efforts were made to avoid parallax error occurring - by dropping the ball one time that was not measured and placing a blob of blue tack onto the meter rule at the approximate height it bounced to. In this experiment there are FOUR VARIABLES. It pushes downward on the floor and the floor pushes upward on it. B) If this is an ideal scenario where energy is not lost and the ball continues to bounce infinitely, what is the distance of travel? The format you use to write your bibliography may look like this: Are you ready for more advanced ball drop projects? Once the drag force equals the gravitational force all forces are equal and acceleration stops. Additionally we were able to practice reading a lab, taking data and making a graph. 2. A thrown or batted ball may travel faster than the terminal speed, but it will experience a large drag force from the air which is greater than its weight. There are three types of variables: Controlled Variables: You can have as many controlled variables as you like. If you have any questions or need more support about this project, click on the Ask Question button on the top of this page to send me a message. Procedure: One group member drops a tennis ball from a specific height, while the other group member notes how high the ball bounces. Your challenge will be to find a way to determine your balls e, and the initial height of the ball when you first dropped it. You are NOT going to perform this experiment. A) Find the total distance of travel until the ball hits the ground for the 5th time. Preparation: Draw a ruler with high visibility on a roll of paper about 8 inches wide and 6 feet tall. The selection of balls for official games in most sports (esp. These both support my prediction and show that my prediction was correct. changing air density, temperature. It bounces off, changing the direction of motion and again reaching its maximum height. Therefore the ball ends up with more GPE, , assuming g and m stay constant, results in an increase in m g h, , assuming g and m stay constant, results in a decrease in m g h, As the ball is accelerating due to gravity, at 9.81m/s. (The upward direction was assumed to be positive in this example. These balls do not bounce as well as balls with high air pressure. Create and find flashcards in record time. A) Using the graph above, find the displacement of the ball at 50 seconds. The positive and negative directions must be stated in each example. How well a ball bounces deals with its coefficient of restitution. Use the same point on the ball (top) or (bottom) when judging both the height of the drop and the height of the bounce. This means that if a heavier ball is to be used then it will need to be dropped from higher to reach its terminal velocity. The ball showed signs of reaching terminal velocity because the drag force began to approach the force gravity exerts upon the mass of the ball. Charged Particle in Uniform Electric Field, Electric Field Between Two Parallel Plates, Magnetic Field of a Current-Carrying Wire, Mechanical Energy in Simple Harmonic Motion, Galileo's Leaning Tower of Pisa Experiment, Electromagnetic Radiation and Quantum Phenomena, Centripetal Acceleration and Centripetal Force, Total Internal Reflection in Optical Fibre. Conveniently enough, this fraction of returned energy is nearly independent of how much energy the ball had to begin with. Summary of task. Therefore the energy that the ball hits the floor with = mh, The proportion of energy lost when ball hits the floor = The Coefficient to the restitution of the two objects (C, All of the energy that the ball leaves the floor with is converted back into GPE, If dropping a ball in a vacuum all you need to know in order to know how high the ball will bounce to is h, can be found out by looking at a graph, the gradient, as a percentage of 1 gives the amount of energy conserved and therefore C. The clamp stand will be clamped down to the desk using a g-clamp to prevent it falling over and causing possible injuries. WebControl variables, also known as controlled variables, are properties that researchers hold constant for all observations in an experiment. = The distance between the bottom of the ball before it is dropped and the ground. Air pressure will affect the balls fall slightly as the concentration of air particles per cubic meter varies with air pressure. Material that you may test are: Carpet, Rubber matte, ply wood, sponge, Styrofoam, another ball, . As the ball falls it hits against air particles. They identify variables to be changed, measured and controlled. his the height of the balls bounce. From this I am able to determine that the experiment was very accurate. Then when dropping the ball again eye level was kept level with the blue tack. A control is a neutral reference point for comparison that allows you to see what changing a variable does by comparing it to not changing anything. Several new questions may have occurred to you while doing experiments. Its high order and functions achieved with differential and integral operations can't fit any circle, because circles must cover constant speed in simple harmonic motion. Set individual study goals and earn points reaching them. Its a good idea to bounce it on a level surface, and dont release from too great a height, or while bouncing, the ball will wander away from the sound recorder range. Figure 1. Controlled variables are air temperature, air flow, air pressure where you perform your tests. What you have learned may allow you to answer other questions. It could also be a written statement of what occurred during experiments. Possible sources of error include several types of measurement errors. \(Area = \frac{1}{2} \cdot base \cdot length\), \(Area = 0.5 m \cdot 50 m \cdot 50 m = 1250 m^3\). Research questions therefore always refer to two variables, and the relationship between them. An investigation of the factors that influence the bounce height of a tennis ball when dropped onto the floor could consider the drop height and the type of surface the ball is dropped onto. The investigation could try to answer these research questions: Will you pass the quiz? These are parts of the experiment that you try to keep constant throughout an experiment so that they won't interfere with your test. Balls: Terminal Speed and Coefficient of Restitution. the initial height of your ball when you released it. The maximum and minimum results were included when working out the variation between results however, seeing as the maximum and minimum results were produced by the experiment and are therefore part of the variation between results produced by the experiment. The second stage is the point at which the ball decelerates, changes direction once it has reached the peak point, and starts falling to the ground. TurnItIn the anti-plagiarism experts are also used by: King's College London, Newcastle University, University of Bristol, University of Cambridge, WJEC, AQA, OCR and Edexcel, Business, Companies and Organisation, Activity, Height and Weight of Pupils and other Mayfield High School investigations, Lawrence Ferlinghetti: Two Scavengers in a Truck, Two Beautiful People in a Mercedes, Moniza Alvi: Presents from my Aunts in Pakistan, Changing Materials - The Earth and its Atmosphere, Fine Art, Design Studies, Art History, Crafts, European Languages, Literature and related subjects, Linguistics, Classics and related subjects, Structures, Objectives & External Influences, Global Interdependence & Economic Transition, Acquiring, Developing & Performance Skill, Sociological Differentiation & Stratification. Grammar mistakes. You measure this response, or record data, in a table for this purpose. The higher h1, the faster the velocity that the ball reaches. We can go back to our table of velocities, square each one, then multiply by 1/ 2 * 0.044 kg to find the kinetic energy at each moment. In this project we will try to find out what factors affect the bounce of a dropped ball. These polymers are tangled together and stretch upon impact. For a perfectly elastic bounce (the ultimate super ball), e =1; and for an inelastic bounce (like clay dropping on the floor), e =0. Such variations in the bounce of a dropped ball rise questions that demand some research and investigation. In this experiment you will drop a ball on a hard surface such as table and record the sounds it makes when it bounces using a computer and any sound recorder program. If you are using windows sound recorder program, you can view the recorded waves with an accuracy of 0.01 second. This phenomenon is described by Newton's third law. You will need an assistant, so one person will drop the ball and the other person stands about 20 feet away and records how high it bounces. If you follow the motion of either ball, youll realize that theres a moment halfway through its bounce when the ball is perfectly motionless in contact with the floor. This slope tells us how bouncy the ball is. Dependable controls are sometimes very hard to develop. A series of experiments can be done by changing one variable a different amount each time. WebThis experiment,is an investigation into the maximum height of the bounce of a ping pong ball when it is first released.This is because of the unpredictability of the bounce not always reaching the same height.This we can assume their are many factors effecting the bounce of the ping pong ball.The following experiment will determine how different It shows that heights were recorded that exceeded the height that the ball would have reached had it been dropped in a vacuum. This is because the ball starts with more GPE. Drag is a squared function of velocity and therefore as the ball drops drag increases a greater amount each second. At 3ft, the basketball bounced 20 inches, the tennis ball bounced. Materials:-Carbon Paper-Goggles-Golf Repeat your tests 9 more times and each time lower the release height for 6 inches. Dropping a ball from different heights Dropping a ball from different heights could affect WebLearn how to identify types of variables in a simple experiment with bouncing balls. Air density will not change enough to affect the flight of the ball seeing as all the results will be collected during a brief period on one day. It depends only on the elasticity of the ball itselfa super ball returns a large fraction while a beanbag returns a tiny fraction. The first stage is where the ball bounces from the surface of the ground. As drag is a squared function, proportional to the square of the velocity, it is impossible to calculate the velocity that the ball hits the floor at. The If the common ratio of the sequence is between 0 and 1, then the term r would approach zero. = The distance between the bottom of the ball at the top of its arc after bouncing and the ground. Independent Variable: The height from which the ball is dropped. WebControl variables include the size of pots, the type of soil and the position in a room. So if we double the air pressure, we will get double bounce height. Its 100% free. WebVariables: Height from which the ball is dropped Mass of the ball Material ball is made from External factors, i.e. Hold the ball at 6 feet height and release it. The decision for the size of interval and the amount of results collected will depend upon the time taken to conduct the experiment and any other factors that may become apparent during the preliminary experiment. You The relative height of the bounce should be h/h = CoR2 = 0.72 = 0.49. The ball rebounds to 38 percent of its previous height and continues to fall. On a molecular level, the rubber is made from long chains of polymers. Also the ball flattening upon impact doesnt have to be taken into account whereas if one was measuring from the top of the ball as it hits the floor to the top of the ball before dropping it or at the top of its arc after bouncing or the middle of the ball as it hits the ground to the middle of the ball before dropping it or the middle of the ball at the top of its bounce then the fact that the ball flattens momentarily on impact with the floor would have to be taken into account. As the ball falls through the air, the Law of Conservation of Energy is in effect and states that energy is neither gained nor lost, only transferred from one form to another. Is a bouncing ball an example of Newton's third law? Thus a typical ball bounces to 60% of its original height because it stores and returns 60% of the energy it had before the bounce. , v is greater therefore KE is greater by a larger amount). Working out the variation in results shows how accurate the experiment was. 70% is retained. The coefficient to restitution can be found out from a graph of, it follows the gradient of the graph change in h. . Discussing the variables involved in this experiment. The variable to be changed in the experiment is the drop height, therefore the drop height will be the independent variable investigated. The effect of changing the drop height will be measured by calculating the bounce efficiency of the tennis ball. This is because it is the easiest and quickest variable to alter. When the ball rebounds, its stored energy reappears and it leaps higher into the air than it would have had you dropped it a shorter distance. The surface onto which the ball is dropped will affect the height to which the ball bounces because for any two objects that collide, the properties of both determine the percentage of the kinetic energy either possesses approaching the collision that is conserved subsequent to the collision taking place (Coefficient to restitution) discounting the effects of air resistance. Please note that many online stores for science supplies are managed by MiniScience. " However when the ball is dropped from a relatively low height, drag 0. The ball has reached its terminal velocity and cannot fall any faster (unless dropped in a vacuum). As in both cases the main form of energy is GPE it follows that the higher the ball is dropped from, the higher the ball will bounce. Now is the time to pull together what happened, and assess the experiments you did. The process of obtaining information by using the senses is called a/an. Apparatus:Clamp stand, meter rule 2, table tennis ball, desk. The coefficient of restitution is the ratio of the final to the initial relative speed between two objects after they collide. Using the geometric sequence for an infinite sequence and substituting the given values we get: \(S_{\infty} = 2 \cdot \frac{\alpha}{1-r} = 2 \cdot \frac{6m}{1-0.38} = 19.35 m\). Create flashcards in notes completely automatically. As there is more KE, more energy is converted into elastic potential energy, As there is more elastic potential energy, more energy is converted back into KE energy. The average variation between results was 3cm. This would allow one to find the terminal velocity of the ball. Controlled variables are air temperature, air flow, air pressure where you perform your tests. Nie wieder prokastinieren mit unseren Lernerinnerungen. Also the ball flattening upon impact doesnt have to be taken into account whereas if one was measuring from the top of the ball as it hits the floor to the top of the ball before dropping it or at the top of its arc after bouncing or the middle of the ball as it hits the ground to the middle of the ball before dropping it or the middle of the ball at the top of its bounce then the fact that the ball flattens momentarily on impact with the floor would have to be taken into account. Stages of bouncing ball example, Panagi - StudySmarter Originals, Motion graphs of a bouncing ball, Panagi - StudySmarter Originals. Air resistance exists but does not affect the velocity of the ball significantly. Create beautiful notes faster than ever before. Perform this test in a Gym or anywhere else where you have a hard surface and an accessible wall. WebThere are many different variables that would affect the bounce height of a ball. After the ball reaches terminal velocity, no more GPE is converted into KE is the ball cannot get any faster. A series of experiments is made up of separate experimental runs. During each run you make a measurement of how much the variable affected the system under study. What factors affect the bounce of a dropped ball? At this level, science becomes even more interesting and powerful.8. Method: To set up the The ball moves upwards, reaching stage 1, i.e., maximum height, and its velocity is momentarily zero. Based on these trends, we can draw conclusions about the system under study. As the ball has less KE and is travelling slower it becomes stationary faster at the top of its arc. Improvements that could be made to the experiment if future work was to be done: To provide additional relevant evidence I would conduct further work as follows; I would like to conduct the same experiment in a vacuum. External factors, i.e. For each run, a different amount of change in the variable is used. WebBouncing balls. This means that not all the GPE is converted into KE as it would have been if the ball had been dropped in a vacuum. Why if you drop a ball from say 2 meters does it bounce higher than a ball dropped from 1 meter? Controlled Variables: Bouncy ball used, surface bounced off of, technique in which ball was dropped (initial height was measured from base of ball). This means that the faster that the ball travels the larger the force of air resistance upon it. h2= The distance between the bottom of the ball at the top of its arc after bouncing and the ground. When you hold a ball above a surface, the ball has potential energy. However the conditions were kept the same for each drop of the ball. A real-life bouncing ball example would experience an oscillatory motion which would gradually lose energy, causing the height of the bounce to reduce over time until eventually, the ball came to a stop.
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